Three Pillars in Personal Financial Management
Managing your finances has never been more complicated. Today’s world is full of financial options, and every sales agent will claim that you need all of them. The truth is, of course, you don’t need all of them, but you definitely need at least some of them. But what financial products do you actually need?
To help you decide what you need, you should first categorise those needs. There are three main categories, and thus pillars, in finance management that a person will definitely need. These are Protection, Growth and Safety. Each of the pillars can be further divided into subgroups, but at the very least, you should be covered by a product or plan in each main category.
Protection
Protection is the need for monetary coverage in the event of unforeseen accidents. This is usually accomplished by buying an insurance plan. It is not practical for us to keep a large amount of money to mitigate exceptional events. Insurance allows us to pay a smaller sum of money over a period of time and receive protection without having to maintain a large sum for protection on our own. It also protects you against possible income loss and provides you with a means to continue your life thereafter.
There are many difference types of insurance covers, but the main covers that are essential for a person are Life, Total Permanent Disability, Critical Illness, Hospitalisation, Accidents and Income. The best case scenario is where one has not only cover but also appropriate cover in all the subgroups. However, the premium involved in the best scenario may be prohibitively high. Therefore, the best scenario is usually a target which people should work towards.
People are advised to purchase covers for the most important aspects before slowly extending their covers to the other subgroups. The coverage provided at each subgroup need not be sufficient right from the start, but can be slowly stepped up to attain the appropriate coverage. Once you have all the protection you need, you are covered against any unforeseen circumstances in life. There is no worry that your financial plans can be turned upside down.
Growth
Growth refers to the increase of your wealth and the prevention of wealth erosion by inflation. Increase of wealth is of course usually thought of as having a job and a regular income. The biggest downside of this type of income is the fact that you are exchanging time for money. If you stop working, your income stops as well. Besides that, you are also limited by the amount of time available to you a day, therefore putting a cap on income. However, active income is an income source; it does nothing for the wealth you have already accumulated.
In fact, Growth is about taking care of your accumulated wealth, and not about increasing income. Inflation decreases the actual buying power of your wealth over time, and therefore decreasing your accumulated wealth. Income growth is about how to growth your wealth in line with inflation to prevent its devaluation and preferably even churns a profit. This is usually achieved by investing your money. Profits on top of inflation are also a form of passive income.
Investments are a broad group on its own and should be divided further to align them with your investment master plan.
Safety
Of the three main categories, Safety is often practiced in two extremes. Some neglect their safety fund and go around in life relying solely on their insurance or active incomes. However, insurance does not provide coverage on every aspect of your life and should not be expected to act as a safety fund. For example, insurance does not provide cover against unemployment. One should always keep a decent sum of money in flexible accounts so that it is possible to continue paying for taxes, installations and everyday living when one suffers from a loss of income.
The reverse extreme occurs when some people keep an exceeding huge sum of money for safety. They commonly believe that one’s best protection is when money is readily available in one’s pocket. While this is not entirely untrue, keeping more money than required as a safety fund causes loss of wealth due to inflation and other opportunity costs. There is no reason to keep a huge sum of money to pay off hospital bills when one has an insurance policy for hospitalisation.
A safety fund should be decent enough to maintain your day to day living from six months to twelve months, but not more or less than either. A safety fund more than that means loss of wealth and a safety less than that places you at risk.
Once you have understood the basics of personal finance management, you should dive deeper into each category to uncover your options. Most of us will not have the resources to handle each of the categories at a go. The basics will help you to prioritise your needs and allocate your resources according to your needs. It will also give you a clear view on the aspects where you are lacking and adjust your allocation.