Financial Planning

A few years back a friend of mine accidentally saw one of my paychecks, he was shocked to see that he was earning more than me. He also noted the fact that his wife worked and mine did not. This particular friend had approach me a couple of times in need of a loan to get him through until his payday. Because I had been able to help him he had always assumed that I made more than he made. Once he realized that the situation was reversed he asked me how could we possibly being doing as well as we were.

I then asked him what type of budget he and his wife use for their household finances. He replied that they did not have a planned budget for the household bills. Well, I was surprised because this friend always seem to be very organized. I asked him how he thought he could manage his money without a budget. I explained that a budget is the cornerstone of knowing where you stand financially. I mentioned a phrase that I heard from my Dad years earlier…If you fail to plan, then you should plan to fail. I think he was a little offended and a little embarrassed, but he did see my point.

I told that for many years my household had operated on a budget and yes at first it was not easy. Starting a budget is the hardest part, the adjustment to being responsible to show where each dollar goes is not pleasant for most people. The longer you do it the easier it becomes because you start to take pride in sticking to your budget and you begin to see the fruits of your labor. I asked him to try by starting on the following plan, which is the same one I used when I started out. I told him to use it for 6 months and then we would see if it worked.

The plan is simple: Your money needs to be divided by percentage for uses. 33% for housing, 17% for transportation, 25% for monthly bills, 10% for donations, and 15% for savings and investing. I asked him to list all of their misc. spending and notice if any money was being wasted. The savings account is also utilized for emergency needs such as home or car repairs.
Right from the start my friend said that 25% would not cover his monthly bills. I told him that he would need to use the portion designated for savings and pay off the credit cards. It turned out that they were maxed out on several cards and that was the main drawdown on their income. At the end of 6 months I met with him and he said they had paid off three of the cards and had listed their monthly misc. expenses. With that list they had realized that they were spending about $250.00 per month on things that were not neccessary. That combined with the savings on credit card payments had allowed them to put $1,000.00 in savings. They will soon have all their credit cards paid off and will be able to place more money in the savings column.

This budget is a very simple example, the actual budget for each family requires a little fine tuning to match the current situation of each household. More advanced examples will be soon posted at Wongaa.com.

With pensions fading away and 401k’s becoming one of the major reliance’s of retirement planning everyone wants to know the best setup for their 401K. While the best setup is generally what you mentally feel comfortable with saving for retirement, we can offer a few general tips and guidelines to help you choose. Please remember higher risk has potential for greater gains and losses, while lower risk is the opposite.

Portfolio Selection

Typically all 401K plans offer the following categories when choosing funds to place your money in: growth, capital preservation, income, balanced, and sometimes stock in the company for which you work.

Capital Preservation Funds

Capital preservation funds are designed to preserve your savings principal. They typically invest in government securities with a predictable rate of return. This is the lowest risk category with the lowest returns. The returns have been known to under perform inflation, which means you could lose buying power in any given year. For example, if the economy inflates at 4% and you get a 3% return on your savings, then you have 1% less buying power than the previous year. Simplified, a TV costs $100 this year and after inflation of 4% the TV costs $104 ($100*4%). Your savings account with $100 had a 3% return leaving you with $103 ($100*3%).

Income Funds

Income funds usually diversify your money into various bonds and are typically for long-term gains. While the exposure to any type of loss is very rare, it is not impossible. With the low amount of risk that comes with income funds you will generally see a lower return then the average of the New York Stock Exchange.

Balanced Funds

Balanced funds try to get the best of all worlds by diversifying between international stocks, domestic stocks, and fixed income securities. These funds are very reliant on the fund managers to choose the right mix to protect and grow your savings. If you are unsure which percentage of your funds you wish to devote to the various other funds, then you may want to consider a balanced fund. Before placing your money into one of these funds, please ensure that you research the funds management history and current manager.

Growth Funds

The “riskiest” of all investments is the growth fund, but it also has room for unimaginable returns. Over the long run these funds typically out perform the stock market because they are invested in international bonds and markets, small cap stocks, and emerging markets of developing nations. It is not uncommon for the annual returns to follow a pattern as such: -73%, 115%, 50%, -33%, 83%. These funds are subject to a variety of factors that some funds are not such as: oil prices, civil wars, and medical epidemics.

Company Stock

Everyone remembers the Enron scandal where thousands of employees lost all of their retirement savings in less than a year. While this is not always the case with companies and some may be very well and dependable, please keep situations like the above-mentioned in mind and take proper precautions to protect your finances. I do not recommend placing more than 10 percent of your savings portfolio into your company stock; however, the choice is completely up to you.

Choosing the Right Mix

With so many options it is hard for an individual to make a choice between various funds. Because everyone has different financial needs and situations the worst thing you can do is pick the same options as your co-workers without giving it a second thought. Before placing your money into any of the categories you will want to consider the following:

Years before retirement How much money you need Your reaction to sudden market drops
How many years before you retire?

One of the most important factors is how many years you plan to continue working. If you have a long time left to work (over 10 years) then a good idea may be to place the majority of your assets in growth funds. The longer you have left to work the more aggressive you should be while saving for your retirement. As you get closer to your retirement age (less than 10 years) you will want to consider starting to migrate some of your growth funds into balanced or conservative funds so your nest egg has less sensitivity to market drops

How much money do you need?

How much money you need goes hand-in-hand with how many years you have left to work. A lot of financial planners can assist you with determining how much money you should place into your savings each month based off these two factors. You can estimate this yourself by doing the math or using an online financial calculator. I recommend an online calculator or use of a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to save yourself the time. Here is an example of what the math would look like. Take your expected rate of return on your savings and multiply it against the amount you save each year so that the first year looks like this:

Year 1: $4,000 (your yearly savings) % 1.08 (8%) = $4,320
Year 2: $4,320 (previous balance) + $4,000 (annual addition to savings) = $7,320 * 1.08 = $7,905
Continue to do this formula until you reach the year you desire, there are calculators that can do the math for you. Just type in “retirement calculator” in Google and you are sure to get results.

If the market crashed…would you care?

The #1 determining factor of where people place their retirement savings is mentality. Regardless of what you should and shouldn’t do with your retirement fund, if you are not able to mentally handle the results then it is not worth doing. I would never recommend to someone to place all of their money in growth funds if they would not like the idea of losing half of their money in a single month. Whatever you decide to place your money into, please ensure that you are okay with the decision. Remember, it’s never a real loss until you sell, any growth fund capable of losing half your nestegg in a year or less is also capable of returning it.

Tax Deferred or Taxed Contributions?

Another important determining factor is whether or not to save with after-tax contributions or before-tax contributions. Unlike regular savings accounts, 401K’s have the option putting money into them without being subject to federal income tax. Here is a list of things you should consider before choosing either option:

Your tax bracket If the money will be used for emergencies
What is your tax bracket now and what will it be?

Generally speaking if you are in a high tax bracket and plan on making less money when you retire than you would want to consider tax-deferred contributions. Tax-deferred contributions are deferred on taxes up until the point when you start withdrawing the money. If you are currently making enough money to be in let’s say, the 33% tax bracket, but when you retire you only plan on being in the 25% tax bracket, then you should definitely consider placing your money into your 401k as tax deferred. By deferring taxes until you withdraw the money after retirement in the 25% tax bracket you would be saving 8% on taxes (33%-25%) and on top by deferring you have 33% more money in your fund that can grow tax deferred. If you tax deferred $5,000 a year into your 401k and it grew at 8% a year for 30 years; you’re ending balance would be about $611,729.34 which you would draw out in monthly payments that would be taxed at 25% or whichever bracket you fall into after retirement. If you took that same $5,000 dollars but put your money in after tax your final balance for the same scenario would be about $409,858.66, the difference is that you would not have to pay taxes on this money because you have already paid them. You would have about 50% more money in your account after 30 years.

The opposite also holds true. If you are currently in a 15% tax bracket but plan on retiring and being in a 25% bracket, then you may opt to place after tax money into your 401k.

Please keep in mind everyone’s situation is unique and that you should find yourself a good financial advisor or planner if you are unsure of which is best for you.

Is this money going to be used for emergencies?

If you are using your 401K as an emergency buffer account for things that ARE NOT: Primary Residence purchasers, Medical Emergencies, and things of this nature and plan on USING it for things such as credit card debt, paying late bills, and other things related, then you will definitely want to take into consideration the 10% tax penalty and tax consequences of making a withdrawal for these things.

If you take a withdrawal on a tax-deferred 401K that is a non-emergency than you will be subject to not only income tax on that money but a 10% tax penalty as well. Please take that into consideration before making any unnecessary withdrawals. Also, you can always get a loan from your 401K but it is not recommended because you lose savings principal to earn interest on and you have to pay it back at an interest rate probably around 8%.

Whether you have no credit or damaged credit, secured credit cards are a good tool for building a good credit history.

Several months ago Tom, a member of CreditBoards.com, filed for a Chapter 7 Bankruptcy. Now he is in the process of rebuilding his credit history. It’s a task that is not easy, but with patient persistence he is seeing progress already. Daily he checks his credit score and is slowly seeing improvement.

1 – In addition to correcting every mistake, even the smallest ones, on his credit report, he is using a secured credit card.

2 – This secured card is an important tool in the overall process of building or rebuilding credit.

Who should consider a secured credit card?

Someone who has no credit history.

Someone with a damaged credit history.

What is a secured credit card?

Secured cards are credit cards opened with a deposit into a savings account, money market or certificate of deposit. The amount of deposit required varies from card to card, but generally minimum amounts range from $250 – $500. These funds are considered your security and will even earn a little interest since they are being held in a savings account. Your credit limit is determined by the amount you deposit into the savings account. Sometimes the limit will be for the full amount of the deposit; other times it will be a percentage of the total.

It is important to keep in mind that a secured card is a credit card, not a debit card. If full payments are not made each month, then interest is charged on the outstanding balance. And the lending institution uses the security money to pay off the debt only as a last resort. Even though the card is secured, it is still possible to damage credit.

What are the benefits of a secured credit card?

Establishing credit. If you have never had a credit card, a good first step in establishing good credit is applying for a secured credit card. Assistant Professor of Economics at Austin Peay State University in Clarksville, TN, Jerry Plummer says, “A secured card is most useful for the person starting out on their credit history, since it says that the person is willing to take the extra step to establish credit.”

Reestablishing credit. If your credit history is damaged, you may only be able to qualify for a secured credit card. Using this secured card appropriately and within the set parameters will help rebuild your credit and qualify you for an unsecured card. If you have had to file for bankruptcy, however, you may not qualify until it has been discharged.

Preset limit cannot be exceeded. If poor spending habits were part of the cause for bad credit, then a secured credit card will help keep spending in check.

Useful for transactions that require a credit card. Hotels and car rentals require the use of a credit card. If you don’t qualify for an unsecured card but you do for a secured card, then you are still able to make the transaction.

What should I look for or avoid when shopping for a secured credit card?

Fees. This is the area you will really want to research when shopping for a secured credit card. Some cards will come with fees that run into the hundreds of dollars, eating away much of the credit you secured with the savings account. Professor Plummer says a card with no fee is the best, but a small one-time fee can be okay. Annual fees for attractive secured cards typically range from $20-$35. Be sure to watch out for hidden fees such as “registration charges” and “setup fees.”

Interest Rate. Just because you have no or poor credit doesn’t mean you have to settle for the highest interest rate. Interest rates for attractive secured cards should not exceed 19%. Shop around and get the most competitive rate available.

Read the fine print. Linda Tucker, Director of Education for Consumer Credit Counseling Service for Arkansas and Memphis, TN, stresses the importance of reading the fine print. Doing so will let you know your exact obligations to the issuing company: for example, the grace period, what happens if you don’t make a full payment, and what fees are attached if you don’t make the full payment. Understanding these details will help make sure you are not further damaging your credit.

Fraudulent Offers. As with unsecured cards you need to watch out for fraudulent offers.The Federal Trade Commission gives the following advice to protect yourself from credit card fraud:

Offers of easy credit. No one can guarantee to get you credit. Before deciding whether to give you a credit card, legitimate credit providers examine your credit report. A call to a ’900′ number for a credit card. You pay for calls with a ’900′ prefix — and you may never receive a credit card. Credit cards offered by “credit repair” companies or “credit clinics.” These businesses also may offer to clean up your credit history for a fee. However, you can correct genuine mistakes or outdated information yourself by contacting credit bureaus directly. Remember that only time and good credit habits will restore your credit worthiness.

When will I qualify for an unsecured credit card?

It can take several months to see an improvement in your credit history. Bankrate says it’s a good indicator when you start receiving flyers in the mail for unsecured cards that your credit is improving. However, it’s a good idea to continue taking things slowly. Using a secured card will help you learn healthy habits so that when you do get an unsecured credit card you remain in control of your spending and credit.

Where can I find a secured credit card?

Most companies don’t advertise secured cards. But you can visit the Card Reports section of http://www.CardRatings.com to find out where and how to apply. Click on the link entitled “Cards for Consumers with Poor or No Credit”.

Other tips

Tom recommends sticking with only one or two cards and keeping spending to a minimum. The goal is to pay the card off each month.

Tucker emphasizes the importance of paying the amount due each month; otherwise late fees can be charged, interest rates raised, privileges lost, and credit history negatively affected.

Make sure you are getting a credit card as opposed to a gas card or a department store card.

Make sure a reputable bank or credit union, even a local one, is issuing the card. And, don’t automatically assume a bank is issuing the card.

Not all issuers report to the three major credit agencies (Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion). It’s important to get a card that does report to all three agencies; otherwise you will be wasting your time. Fortunately, secured cards normally report to the credit agencies just like unsecured cards (you should verify this before applying).

If you have filed for bankruptcy, you may need to wait until it has been discharged before qualifying for a secured card.

Get one only if you cannot get credit, since you have no credit record; or if you have poor credit. Plummer says, “Many companies will not even count them as credit, such as automobile F&I (Finance and Insurance) people, although they will not admit it.” So, if you don’t really need a secured card, you will be doing more harm than good.

Finally, whatever situation you are in, no credit or poor credit, the best way to build good credit is to set up a budget and then stick with it.

1 You can pay membership fees to any one of the three credit bureaus – Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax- to be able to check your credit score online daily. Visit our Credit Information section for more details. Tom recommends purchasing Microsoft Money 2004, which comes with a one-year membership to Experian (value of $99.00).

2 To find out more about correcting errors on your credit report, read our article How to Correct Mixed or Split Credit Reports.

Saving money is a task we could all improve on. After the bills have been paid, many people find themselves rewarding their hard work at the office with weekend getaways, dinners out, new gadgets and countless other forms of entertainment. The truth is, there’s absolutely nothing wrong with this! But, saving and spending should be a game of balance, and the these tips will get you off to a great start:

Set up an automatic weekly account transfer from your checking to savings account. This way, you’ll be forced to save. Keep a budget: With the advent of online banking, many of us forgo those Excel sheets that let us see our financial state for what it truly is. When you go grocery shopping, go with a list. How many of us have gone in empty-handed and come out with more than we wanted to? If you’re tempted to make an impulse purchase, give yourself 24 hours to think it over. Chances are, that LCD TV won’t be as tempting when you’re not staring straight at it. Keep a separate savings account for long-term financial goals or rainy days…and don’t touch it. Don’t always turn to your credit cards. If you see your cash disappearing and find yourself making frequent ATM-run’s, you’ll definitely pick up on your spending habits. Make short-term goals: For instance, set a limit each week of what you can spend and don’t go beyond that figure.

Though these bits of advice will give you a sunnier financial situation, it’s inevitable that we all run into sticky money scenarios at times. StarReviews describes how paycheck advance services are a viable resource when all else fails. If your bills are due and you simply don’t have the funds, sites like PayDay OK can distribute cash into your accounts next-day if you’re approved. Though there are fees involved and you really shouldn’t get used to them, payday loans are a means to prevent late payments and interest on outstanding balances and bills.

During our working lives, many people fail to realize the importance of saving for retirement. In order to live the lifestyle you desire after you quit working, it’s important to build a nest egg prior to your retirement years that you can support yourself on. It’s never too early to start saving, and the longer you wait the less money you’ll have accumulated by the time you reach your golden years. In order to ensure a comfortable lifestyle once you retire, it’s important to take steps now to save the money you’ll need to support yourself for the rest of your life.

In order to start saving money now, it’s important that you create a budget and stick with it! Living within a budget is one of the most effective ways to save money and plan for the future, because it allows you to live within your means without going overboard. By creating and maintaining a budget, you know exactly how much money is coming in and how much money is going out. Cut back on unnecessary expenses and consider setting that money aside in a retirement savings account.

You’ll also want to review your retirement plan with your company to understand every aspect of the plan and how it will work for you in the future. Whether you have a 401K or another type of retirement plan through your job, it’s important that you know how the plan will work for you. By following these simple steps, you can be well on your way to ensuring your retirement years are comfortable. Preparing for your retirement now will benefit you immensely in the long run by ensuring you have enough money to live on and won’t have to work past your retirement age.